Sorry for my late response, I moved to a new apartment during the last weeks and so everything was a bit chaotic.
I installed XTU 6.2.0.24 on the system and is behaving a bit weird. Here is a screenshot first:
With this setting, everything is at "Auto" in the BIOS. I set a multiplier of 38 in XTU and started the stress test. As you can see in the graph at the bottom, the CPU still runs at only 3.4 GHz. Maybe this has something to do with the issue that XTU seems to only detect 6 cores instead of 8, according to the screenshot. When I let AIDA64 show the CPU turbo settings, I can confirm that XTU is only setting the turbo multiplier of core 1 to 6 to x38, but for core 7 and 8 it is x34 - this is the reason for the 3.4 GHz.
Concerning this weird behaviour with XTU, I decided to NOT trust this tool. Quite funny that a tool created by Intel doesn't know how many cores their own CPUs have...
In addition, now the mainboard won't even run stable with the settings which were completely stable some weeks before.
During the next days I will try another mainboard (Asus P9X79 Pro) which I got some days ago. I will post my results here.